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Last Updated: 2/22/10Homer H. DubsThe History of the Former Han DynastyGLOSSARYCHAPTER 99C Wang Mang(r. A.D. 9-23)

91011would work from inside (13b). Yen Ch’en thereupon returned and offered battle. Feng An and the others emptied their camp and attacked him. The

101112shu 99C.14a says, “The Chief Grand Astrologer...has had charge of [observing] the stars, [making] the calendar, and of watching for emanations a

111213380. The Chung-nan Mts. 終南山 {15-16:5/3-4} were the same as the Southern Mountains in Shensi (q.v.). Cf. Ch’u-hsüeh chi, ch. 5, sect. 8; Hs 99C.

121314381. Chiang-hu 江湖 (lit. the [Yangtze] River and Lakes) was the region of the Yangtze Valley, especially the lower Yangtze region. In a note to

131415383. Peace and Alliance By Marriage, Marquis of 和親侯 was a noble title given in 14 A.D. by Wang Mang to Wang Hsi (q.v.), because his first cousin

141516384. Lüan-ti Yü 欒鞮輿, title, the Shan-yü Hu-tu-erh-shih-tao-kao-jo-ti, was the son of the Shan-yü Hu-han-Hsieh by his fifth Yen-chih. In 8 B.C.

151617the state of Chao, on the theory that this action would bring the anger of Ch’in upon Chao, would bring Chao and Han together, and that Han and

161718soldier, and exiled to Yin-mi in the present Kansuh. He was ill and could not travel, so he remained in his place to the third month. When the

171819385. Su-yeh 夙夜 (literally, “day and night”) was the name given by Wang Mang to the Former Han prefecture of Pu-yeh (literally, “no night”). He

181920King Hsüan [179-251 A.D.] made an expedition against Liao-tung, he founded this city. Ships transporting grain enter [the sea] from this [place]

23367. The Libation Officer for the Masters and Companions to the Heir-Apparent Guarantor of His Perfection 保成師友祭酒 seems to have been the full title o

192021a captain, and in the documents found there, the word for captain came to be used to denote a watch-tower, so that this officer came to be entit

202122395. The Lang Pool 郎池 was a pool on the Lang River in the Shang-lin Park near Ch’ang-an. Cf. sub Po River. 395. The Chin River 金水 seems not to

212223he asked him about the Classics, his old Western friends, and matters in the provinces. Emperor Kuang-wu liked him and granted him a chariot,

222324early literature in Hs 99C.9a. 398. The Pao-yang Palace 包陽宮 was inside the Shang-lin Park. It was destroyed by Wang Mang in 20 A.D. to secure

232425398. The Temple Facing North to the Dynastic Founder of the Hsin Dynasty 統祖穆廟, King Hu of Chen was the third of the Nine Ancestral Temples (q.v.

242526Tu Ch’ing ch. 27Bi.13a; 18.19a; 99C.9b; Hu Shih in Journal of the North China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 59.214. 400. Ma-shih Ch’iu 馬

252627At the end of Wang Mang’s reign, there was a famine in the south and people went by crowds into the wilderness and marshes, to dig up things and

262728that time Heng-shan was subordinate to the state of Ch’u. In 199 B.C., Kao-tsu acquired this territory along with the rest of the state of Hua

272829four sons.Yü, Huo, An, and Lin. The first two were executed by Wang Mang before her death; she cried herself blind. Then Wang Mang sent her yo

282930attendant, K’ai-ming. She was born between 6 and 2 B.C. She married the Hun, Hsü-pu She. Cf. Hs 99 C.11b, 12a; 94B.21b. 407. Huai-neng 懷能 wa

234369. Viscount 子 was the fourth ranking of noble titles established by Wang Mang in 8 A.D., following the supposed classical precedents. A viscount

293031409. Chiang-chung 江中 was a name for the Yangtze valley region. In the Shih chi (Mh II, 293) it refers to the Hsiang River valley in the present

303132411. Kua-ning, Baron Shang of, 瓜寧殤 was the posthumous name and title bestowed by Wang Mang in 21 A.D. upon the bandit Kua-t’ien Yi, when he surr

313233415. Sun Yang 孫陽, title, Marquis of Geographical Arrangements 地理侯, was a courtier of Wang Mang who in 21 A.D. was charged by Kung-sun Lu with ha

323334was changed to be the Ch’ang-ts’un Bridge (q.v.).424. The Pa Lodge 霸館 is unidentified; it may have been the same as the Pa-ch’ang Lodge, which t

333435but refused the appointment, so he was made Commander-in-chief at the Left. Then he was sent eastwards, where he exercised an arbitrary authori

343536Ch’ang-an to Hsin-feng, Keng-shih suspected Ch’en Mu of having been in league with Chang Ang, sent for him and executed him Cf. Hs 99C.18a; HHs

353637432. Wu-yen 無鹽 {36-37:3/5} was a city and prefecture, the headquarters of the kingdom of Tung-p’ing in Former and Later Han times. It was locat

363738the city did not surrender, he solicited and sought magicians, and so secured Wu-ku. [The Yellow Emperor] spoke to him, saying, ‘Today I have b

373839was called Hwang-chi. King Huai of Ch’u and King Chao of Chin met there. Emperor Kao-tsu enfeoffed Tu Te-ch’en as Marquis of this place; he wa

383940Feng and Chen Mu went west, and attacked Chang-chu. Liu Hsiu at first rode an ox. When he killed the Chief Commandant of Hsin-yeh, he only th

345howling and weeping and blocking the messenger’s carriage; some blocked the road and lay down in front of it. All begged the messenger to allow Ho

394041into K’un-yang. All were afraid and worried about their wives and children, and wanted to scatter and return to their cities. Liu Hsiu however

404142Liu Hsiu did not know it. He falsely sent a messenger with a writing to inform the people in the city of the supposed fact, saying that the tro

414243dikes and drown the Red Eyebrows, but Liu Hsiu refused. Liu Lin falsely took a soothsayer, Wang Lang,called him Liu Tzu-yü, the son of Emperor

424344At that time Li Yü, the Generalissimo of Wang Lang, was encamped at P’o-jen. The Han troops did not know it, so they advanced. The Secondary G

434445rob, Liu Hsiu would immediately attack and take them. So he cut off their supplies. After doing this for more than a month, the food of the ba

444546yang Commandery, so Liu Hsiu sent Wu Han, leading Keng Yen, Ch’en Chün, Ma Wu and others, twelve generals in all, who pursued them and fought a

454647Police in the Capital, Chia Fu, General Chien T’an, and others, eleven generals in all, to besiege Chu Wei at Lo-yang. On Sept. 27, the Emperor

464748Chang Man. The Grand Administrator of the Yü-yang Commandery, P’eng Ch’ung called himself the King of Wu-an in the Han-chung Commandery. The E

474849against the Red Eyebrows, and the Grand Palace Grandee, Fu Lung, was sent with credentials to pacify the Ch’ing and Hsü Commanderies. He summon

484950various brave men and gathered his relatives. He had Teng Ch’en rise at Hsin-yeh, Liu Hsiu (later Emperor Kuang-wu) and Li T’ung with Li Yi ari

456swords and clothes, lending them to young men who came to purchase. After several years her wealth was considerably decreased, and the young peopl

495051Ch’ang-an and in the villages and t’ing of the empire, they all painted the picture of Liu Yin4 on the walls and rose at dawn to shoot at it.

505152Li Hsien says that 縯 is pronounced 引, altho he says it means “to attract,” with which meaning it is now pronounced yin3 or yin4, but in T’ang t

515253T’ung. They sent a cousin of a lower generation, Li Chi, to Ch’ang-an to give the news to Li Shou. But Li Chi became ill on the road and died.

525354The Empress in person attended his funeral. His son Yin succeeded him as Marquis. Cf. HHs Mem. 5.1a-3b. 435. Ch’ung-ling 舂陵{32-33:3:6} was a c

535455troops to fight a battle with the Shepherd of the Ching Province at Shang-t’ang and routed him severely. Then they went north to Yi-ch’iu. At

545556Ch’ung-ling, Liu Mai, begat Marquis Tai of Ch’ung-ling, Liu Hsiung-ch’i; he begat the Grand Administrator of the Ts’ang-wu Commandery, Liu Li; h

555657Commander-in-chief and Ch’en Mou as his Lieutenant Chancellor. Wang Mang sent his Grand Master, Wang, K’uang1, and his State General, Ai Chang,

565758Generalissimo Chang Ang became the King of Huai-yang, the Commandant of Justice and Generalissimo Wang Chang became the King of Teng, the Chief

575859Sung and the others were severely defeated, lost their armies, and fled. More than 30,000 men were killed. At that time Wang K’uang2 and Chang

585960brother had been made Emperor. When he heard that Keng-shih had been defeated, he went out of the city and to Kao-ling, where they stopped at a

567377. Wang Hui-tsung 王會宗was the same as Wang Tsung 王宗 q.v. 377. Wang Fang 王妨 was an older sister of Wang Tsung, a granddaughter of Wang Mang, and t

596061indicate that everything was peaceful, when in reality the situation was quite uncertain. Cf. 99C.20a; HFHD III. n 8.8.438. Spouse 嬪人was the ti

606162442. Wei Ao 隈囂, style Chi-meng 季孟 was a scholar who deserted Wang Mang’s bureaucracy, and established himself as the actual ruler of the presen

616263by the government, so that his slaves had been collected to the number of several hundred thousand men, while the artisans starved to death. Hi

626364sent a messenger with credentials to Wei Ao, making him his Generalissimo of the Western Provinces with the authority to govern his on own autho

636465Pacifying the North and sent troops to aid him. In the Autumn, Wei Ao with 30,000 foot soldiers invaded the An-ting Commandery to Yin-p’an (10a

646566It happened that the provisions of Wu Han and the others were exhausted, so they retreated. Thereupon the An-ting, Pei-ti, T’ien-shui, and Lung

656667marquisate in 195 B.C. for Wang Yu-jen, and it was held by his descendants Lung-ch’iu and Hsing, until 154 B.C. when it was ended because of reb

666768times wu-kuan was the highest rank among the imperial attendants. The wu-kuan gentleman was senior to the other two groups of such gentlemen in

676869the head of [Mt.] Sung-kao.” Hs 28 Ai.71a says that at Kou-shih there was “a Temple to the Immortal of Yen-shou ch’eng (the City of Prolongued

686970proposed him for their Generalissimo. Wei Ao refused, but finally accepted on condition that they would obey him. Wei Ts’ui was made the White

678and would exterminate him, so plotted with Liu Hsin 劉歆 and Tung Chung 董忠 to abduct Wang Mang by force and surrender to the Han forces. The plot wa

697071that of Emperor Chou. But Szu-ma Ch’ien merely said that he did not pay attention to virtue and only paid attention to injuring the common peop

707172456. Ch’iao Commune 鄡亭 was a place in the prefecture of Hsi5 (q.v.) located near the Wu Pass. The Ruler of Hsi5 encamped at Ch’iao-t’ing in the

717273459. Wen Hsiang 閿鄉 or 閺鄉 {15-16:4/6} was a district of the prefecture of Hu2 in the Hung-nung Commandery, located near the present Wen Hsiang.

727374the same as the Wei [River] Mouth Granary. It was originally the locality where the Han [dynasty] established a granary. Later [this granary]

737475The Ch’ang-men Palace “was a separate palace, inside the the city of Ch’ang-an. After the Empress [née] Ch’en of Emperor Hsiao-wu had been favo

747576461. Hsia-kuei 下邽 {15-16:4/5} was a city and prefecture of the Former Han Ching-chao-yin Commandery, located 50 li north of the present Wei-nan,

757677463. The Hall of Reverence for the Law 敬法闥 was one of the main buildings in the Wei-yang Palace at Ch’ang-an. The passage of the San-fu huang-t

767778River west of the Chang Gate. A flying canal leads the water into the city eastwards and makes the Vast Pond.” Li Tao-yüan’s note adds, “The P

777879persons Dealing with the Rites, who were in charge of the rites for fasting, sacrifices, conducting and introducing the nine [classes of] guests

787980467. Chia Meng 賈萌 was, in 23 A.D., the Leader of a Combination at the Chiu-chiang Commandery who did not surrender after the death of Wang Mang

789Wang K’uang fled. Fan Ch’ung again led more than a hundred thousand troops to again besiege Chü. After several months, someone said to him, “Chü

798081Ch’ien Ta-hsin remarks that probably, just as the Ch’ung-ling marquisate was moved northwards from the Ling-ling Commandery to the Nan-yang Comm

808182The same day (in Nov./Dec. 23 A.D.), Liu Tz’u was made Lieutenant Chancellor and ordered first to go to Kuan-chung and prepare the ancestral tem

818283had several times given advice about matters, he had been installed as a Palace Attendant and had followed Keng-shih to Ch’ang-an. Liu P’en-tzu

828384into the palace, killed the doorkeepers, and took away wine and meat, and killing and wounding each other. When the Commandant of the Guard, Ch

8384They praised the Son of Heaven as wise and intelligent, and the people rivaled each other in returning, so that the markets and wards of Ch’ang-an

8910member of the imperial house upon the throne. Fan Ch’ung and the others agreed, and the shaman spoke even more vigorously. They advanced to Chen